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Year 9

Explore rates of reaction, energy changes, covalent bonding and the mole concept.

⚛️ Particles & Structure 3 topics

Covalent Bonding

Describe covalent bonding as electron sharing; draw dot-and-cross diagrams.

Metallic Bonding

Describe metallic bonding; explain conductivity, malleability and melting point.

Use n = m/M; understand Avogadro's number 6.022 × 10²³.

⚗️ Chemical Reactions 3 topics

Rates of Reaction

Describe effects of temperature, concentration, surface area and catalysts on rate.

Energy in Reactions

Distinguish exothermic and endothermic; use bond energies to calculate ΔH.

Electrolysis Basics

Describe electrolysis; predict products at anode and cathode.

🧪 Acids, Bases & Salts 2 topics

Write equations for acid + metal reactions; link to reactivity series.

Acids & Carbonates

Write equations for acid + carbonate reactions; test for CO₂.

🌿 Materials & Environment 2 topics

The Carbon Cycle

Describe carbon stores and fluxes; explain the greenhouse effect.

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Describe hydrocarbons; crude oil fractions; fractional distillation.

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